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''Hocutt v. Wilson'', N.C. Super. Ct. (1933) (unreported), was the first attempt to desegregate higher education in the United States. It was initiated by two African American lawyers from Durham, North Carolina, Conrad O. Pearson and Cecil McCoy, with the support of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).〔The Center For Urban Affairs, North Carolina State University, Paths Toward Freedom: A Bibliographical History of Blacks and Indians in North Carolina by Blacks and Indians 172 (1976).〕 The case was ultimately dismissed for lack of standing, but it served as a test case for challenging the “separate but equal” doctrine in education and was a precursor to ''Brown v. Board of Education'', 347 U.S. 483 (1954) (holding that segregated public schools were unconstitutional).〔See, Durham Civil Rights Leader and Lawyer, Pearson, Dies, Durham Morning Herald, June 27, 1984, at 1A.〕 == Background == Students at the North Carolina College for Negroes, which is now North Carolina Central University in Durham, were plaintiffs in desegregation suits against the all-white University of North Carolina system.〔Samuel R. Diamont, Local Civil Rights Litigators: Durham’s African American Attorneys 1933-1954, 21 (2008) (published Ph.D. dissertation, North Carolina Central University) (on file with North Carolina Central University Archives Department).〕 North Carolina was an ideal place for civil rights work because Durham had a generally non-violent racial status quo, the state was slightly more progressive than other Deep South states, and it was close to Washington D.C., where Charles Hamilton Houston taught the most prominent civil rights lawyers.〔Id. at 31.〕 The plaintiff was Thomas Hocutt, a 24 year old student at the North Carolina College for Negroes who in March 1933 sought admission to the pharmacy school at the University of North Carolina.〔Id. at 30.〕 Conrad Odell Pearson and Cecil McCoy brought the case in February 1933.〔University of North Carolina, Documenting the American South, Oral History Interview with Conrad Odell Pearson, April 18, 1979. Interview H-0218. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007), http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/H-0218/menu.html.〕 Pearson graduated from Howard University’s law school under Charles Hamilton Houston and began practicing in Durham in 1932. McCoy graduated from Brooklyn Law School in 1931 and also practiced in Durham.〔Diamont, supra note 4, at 30.〕 Initially, Pearson and McCoy wrote to NAACP General Secretary Walter Francis White for financial support. White ratified the case and sent a copy of the Margold Report〔Nathan R. Margold, Preliminary Report to the Joint Committee Supervising the Expenditure of the 1930 Appropriation by the American Fund for Public Service (1931).〕 on discrimination in public schools to support the attorneys.〔 The NAACP also sent Harvard-educated William Hastie to assist Pearson and McCoy on the case.〔Id. at 32.〕 At the trial, Hastie became the lead lawyer. The suit did not have the support of many black leaders in Durham. But it was supported by Louis Austin the editor of the major black owned newspaper, The Caronina Times. The white newspaper, Durham Morning Herald]]'' warned, “()o our way of thinking, (and McCoy ) will find in the end that they have won not a victory but a costly defeat.”〔Leslie Brown, Upbuilding Black Durham: Gender, Class, and Black Community Development in the Jim Crow South 310 (2008) (quoting Editorial, Durham Morning Herald, Feb. 1933, at 21, 24.〕 Additionally, James E. Shepard, president and founder of North Carolina College for Negroes (now North Carolina Central University) did not support the lawsuit, because he wanted the state to fund graduate programs for black students at his university. Shepard refused to release Hocutt’s transcript. When Hastie, Pearson and McCoy failed to present an official transcript, Hocutt no longer satisfied the admission requirements for the Pharmacy School and the case was dismissed. 〔Id. at 33.〕 In the end, Shepard’s plan prevailed because the state provided North Carolina Central University with an operating budget of $23,000 in 1934 and the state began to build graduate schools for its African American citizens.〔See, North Carolina Central University, School of Library and Information Sciences, webpage, http://www.nccu.edu/academics/sc/slis/ (The School of Library and Information Sciences was established in 1939).〕 Despite defeat, the ''Hocutt'' case inspired other Durham lawyers to initiate civil rights actions between the 1930s and 1950s.〔See generally, Diamont, supra note 4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hocutt v. Wilson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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